Slingshots are an effective deterrent, extremely compact. Get one with a forearm brace for increased stability. Best to use spherical ammunition (ball bearings, marbles), but pebbles will do in a pinch.

I shot a recurve bow for a decade. With a moderate draw weight and sharp arrowheads they can be lethal. Takes much more practice, strength and patience than a gun. You can attach fur to the bowstring to make it quieter. Impossible to conceal, and quite conspicuous.

Compound bows and crossbows are even more lethal with great precision and range, but louder and heavier.

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Yes. Xitter.